Explain multi-stage Docker builds for Python and builder vs runtime
Tests separation of build-time and runtime concerns. A strong answer contrasts the builder stage (gcc, headers, wheels) with the runtime stage (slim base, copied artifacts, no compiler). Red flag: citing size alone while ignoring security and caching.
Tests decoupling of compilation and execution in Python containers. A great answer explains that the builder stage holds the full toolchain (gcc, dev headers) and compiles wheels, while the runtime stage uses a slim image that copies only built artifacts. It highlights three benefits: dramatically smaller images (often 50-90%), faster layer caching because dependency layers change less, and reduced attack surface since compilers are absent from production.
Read the original → docs.docker.com
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