How do you apply progressive disclosure and hierarchy in complex data tables?

This tests layered disclosure over exposing all controls at once. A strong answer covers four things: first, default to essential columns with horizontal separators at 48px line height; second, reveal sorting and filtering via hover or collapsible panels; third, paginate or virtualize and use condensed 40px rows only when scan speed outweighs readability; fourth, apply hierarchy through header contrast, left-aligned text, right-aligned numeric size data, tabular numerals, and reserved color cues like zebra stripes for status only.