Flutter
294 bites tagged Flutter — interview questions with model answers, and 60-second explainers.
Flutter's Three Main Material Buttons
Flutter's Material buttons signal emphasis. Use ElevatedButton for primary actions (Save), OutlinedButton for secondary (Next), and TextButton for tertiary (Cancel). The footgun is choosing a button for its looks, not its place in the action hierarchy.
GestureDetector: Making Any Widget Interactive
GestureDetector is an invisible wrapper that makes any widget interactive. Use it to add an `onTap` to a `Container` or custom widget. The biggest footgun: when nested, only the innermost detector's callback for a given gesture will fire.
IntrinsicHeight/Width: Sizing by 'Natural' Dimensions
IntrinsicHeight/Width tells a child widget to size itself to its "natural" dimensions, rather than expanding to fill available space. It's useful for making all items in a Row match the tallest item's height, but it's expensive and should be avoided.
CustomMultiChildLayout: A Delegate for Complex Layouts
CustomMultiChildLayout gives a delegate total control to size and position multiple children. It's for complex layouts where widgets relate to each other, like a radial menu. The key footgun: the parent's size cannot depend on the sizes of its children.
CustomSingleChildLayout: Parent-Driven Layout
CustomSingleChildLayout lets a parent widget dictate its child's size and position, ignoring the child's intrinsic size. Use it for layouts where the parent's dimensions are independent, like a custom overlay.
AspectRatio: Forcing a Widget's Proportions
AspectRatio forces a child widget to maintain a specific width-to-height ratio, like a 16:9 video player. Use it for image placeholders or video frames. The footgun: it fails in unconstrained parents like FittedBox; use SizedBox there instead.
Flutter's FittedBox: Scale Any Widget to Fit
FittedBox scales its single child to fit an allocated space, like CSS's `object-fit` but for any widget. It's perfect for making an icon fill a button or ensuring text fits a container. The footgun: it fails in unconstrained parents like a `Row` or `Column`.
Flutter's Wrap Widget: The Row That Won't Overflow
Flutter's Wrap widget is like text-wrapping for your UI. It arranges children in a row or column, automatically flowing them onto a new line when space runs out. It's perfect for dynamic lists of tags or chips.
LayoutBuilder: Build Widgets Based on Parent Size
LayoutBuilder lets your widget ask its parent "how much space do I have?" before deciding what to build. Use it for responsive layouts, like showing a Row on wide screens and a Column on narrow ones.
MediaQuery: Reading Device Properties Efficiently
MediaQuery is your widget's window to the device, providing screen size, orientation, and safe areas. Use it to build responsive UIs that avoid system elements like notches or the keyboard. The footgun: `MediaQuery.of(context)` rebuilds on any change.
Flutter's Box Constraint System: Parents Rule
In Flutter, parents tell children their size limits, not their size. A widget must obey its parent's constraints (min/max width/height), but it chooses its own size within those bounds. The footgun is trying to size a child widget against its parent's rules.
SingleChildScrollView: When One Widget Needs to Scroll
SingleChildScrollView is an emergency scrollbar for one widget that usually fits on screen. Use it when a layout might overflow on small devices. The footgun: it renders its entire child at once, so never use it for long lists—use ListView instead.
Expanded & Flexible: Claiming Space in Flutter Layouts
Expanded and Flexible widgets manage space in a Row or Column. Expanded is greedy, forcing its child to fill all available space. Flexible is polite, allowing its child to grow but not requiring it. Use them to prevent overflow errors.
Flutter's Container: The Ultimate Box Widget
Think of Container as a customizable box for your UI. It's Flutter's multi-tool for combining layout, styling, and positioning in a single widget. Use it to add padding, margins, borders, or background colors.
Flutter's Stack: Layering Widgets on Top of Each Other
Flutter's Stack widget lets you overlap children, like layering papers. The first child is at the bottom, the last is on top. Use it for text over images or gradient overlays. The footgun: you can only position children relative to the stack's edges.
Row and Column: Arranging Widgets Without Scrolling
Think of Row and Column as rigid containers for laying out widgets horizontally or vertically. Use them for simple, fixed layouts like button bars. The footgun: unbounded children like Text will overflow; wrap them in an Expanded widget to fill remaining…
Flutter's Three Trees: Widget, Element, and RenderObject
Flutter separates UI into three trees. Widgets are cheap blueprints. Elements are the stateful managers that persist across frames. RenderObjects do the expensive layout and painting. Understanding this separation is key to mastering Flutter's performance.
InheritedWidget: Propagate Data Down the Tree
InheritedWidget provides data to any descendant that asks, avoiding prop drilling. It's the basis for Theme.of(context) and other ambient state. The common footgun is calling .of(context) from a context that's an ancestor, not a descendant, of the widget.
Flutter's State Lifecycle: From Creation to Disposal
A Flutter State object outlives its widget configuration. The framework manages its journey from creation (`initState`) to permanent removal (`dispose`), calling methods like `build` along the way. This governs all `StatefulWidget`s.
Flutter's setState(): Triggering UI Updates
setState() tells Flutter "my data changed, so rebuild the UI." It's not the change itself, but the notification that a change happened. Use it in a StatefulWidget's State class when events modify data your build() method uses.
StatefulWidget and State: Two Parts of a Whole
A StatefulWidget is an immutable blueprint, while its separate State object holds the mutable data. The widget is disposable; the state persists across rebuilds. Use this for interactive UI like forms or counters.
BuildContext: Your Widget's Address in the Tree
A BuildContext is a widget's address in the Flutter tree, letting it find ancestors like themes or navigators. It's used for `Theme.of(context)` or `Scaffold.of(context)`. The key footgun: a widget's context can't find its own children, only its parents.
Flutter's build(): Why It Lives on State, Not the Widget
Flutter's build() method turns state into UI. It's on the State object, not the StatefulWidget, to ensure it always paints with the latest data. The framework calls it on init, after setState(), or when dependencies change.
StatelessWidget: Flutter's Immutable UI Blueprint
A StatelessWidget is a 'frozen' UI blueprint, built once with its configuration and never changing its own state. Use it for static UI like icons or text labels. The footgun is using it for UI that must react to internal data changes.
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