Agile
535 bites tagged Agile — interview questions with model answers, and 60-second explainers.
Pull System: Make Only What's Needed, When It's Needed
A pull system works like a restaurant kitchen: you only start work when the next step in the process places an order. This approach, core to lean manufacturing and Kanban, prevents overproduction. The footgun is pulling new work before finishing old tasks.
Kanban Board: Visualize Your Workflow
A Kanban board is a visual system for managing work as it moves through a process, making bottlenecks obvious. It's used in software development to track features from 'To Do' to 'Done'.
Kanban: A Strategy for Optimizing Flow
Kanban isn't just a board with columns; it's a strategy for optimizing the flow of value through your process. It helps teams visualize work, manage bottlenecks, and deliver value predictably.
The Opportunity Solution Tree: Connecting Outcomes to Solutions
An Opportunity Solution Tree is a visual map connecting a business goal to the customer problems you could solve to achieve it. Product teams use it to explore paths to an outcome, ensuring features address real user needs.
Pretotyping: Build The Right It, Not Just It Right
Pretotyping tests if anyone wants your product before you build it, ensuring you build 'The Right It.' Use it to validate market demand with minimal resources, gathering real data. The footgun is confusing it with prototyping, which tests implementation.
Dual-Track Agile: Discovery Before Delivery
Dual-Track Agile runs two parallel streams: a Discovery track to quickly validate ideas and a Delivery track to build releasable software. It prevents waste by testing concepts with cheap prototypes before writing code.
OKRs: Set Direction, Not Tasks
OKRs connect ambitious vision (Objectives) to measurable progress (Key Results). Used by companies to align quarterly efforts on high-level goals, not just a feature list.
Design Sprint: From Idea to Prototype in 5 Days
A Design Sprint fast-forwards you to see customer reactions without building a real product. In one week, your team goes from a big question to a realistic prototype and user feedback.
Jobs to be Done: Sell the Hole, Not the Drill
Jobs to be Done (JTBD) says people don't buy a drill, they buy a hole. It focuses on the customer's underlying goal, not your product. This helps uncover new opportunities, but the footgun is defining the job too narrowly, limiting innovation to your current…
Customer Journey Mapping: Walk in Your Customer's Shoes
A customer journey map is a storyboard of a user's experience, showing every interaction from their perspective. Use it to find pain points in a signup flow or support process. The biggest footgun is mapping an ideal path, not the messy reality.
Value Proposition Canvas: Map Customer Needs to Product Features
The Value Proposition Canvas maps customer needs to product features to ensure you're building something people want. It connects customer "jobs," "pains," and "gains" to your product's features.
Empathy Mapping: Seeing Through Your User's Eyes
An empathy map is a tool for a team to build a shared picture of a user's mind, not just their actions. It's used in UX design to align on user needs before building. The footgun is treating it as a one-time checklist instead of.
ATDD: Aligning Code with Business Needs Before You Build
Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD) is a communication framework where business, developers, and testers write acceptance tests together *before* coding begins. This ensures everyone understands the requirements.
Code Smells: Indicators of Deeper Problems, Not Flaws
A code smell is a surface-level hint, like a long method, that suggests a deeper design problem. It's an indicator, not a definitive flaw. The footgun is blindly "fixing" every smell; a smell is a reason to investigate, not an automatic command to refactor.
The Test Pyramid: Fast Feedback, Stable Code
The Test Pyramid is a strategy for balancing automated tests: write many fast unit tests, fewer integration tests, and very few slow end-to-end tests. It guides CI/CD pipelines to catch failures quickly. The footgun is over-relying on slow E2E tests.
YAGNI: You Ain't Gonna Need It
YAGNI is a principle of radical simplicity: don't build features now just because you *think* you'll need them later. It forces focus on current requirements, preventing wasted effort on speculative work.
Simple Design: The Simplest Thing That Could Possibly Work
Simple Design means building only what's needed now, not what you might need later. In agile projects like Extreme Programming, this keeps code lean for changing requirements.
Trunk-Based Development: One Mainline to Rule Them All
Trunk-Based Development means all developers commit to a single shared branch, `main` or `trunk`. This is common in CI/CD environments for frequent updates.
Test-Driven Development: The Red, Green, Refactor Cycle
Test-Driven Development (TDD) flips the script: you write a failing test *before* the feature code. This 'Red, Green, Refactor' cycle ensures every piece of code is testable. It's common in agile for building robust features.
Actionable Agile Metrics: Predicting 'Done'
Stop guessing 'done' and start forecasting with data. Actionable Agile Metrics use historical flow data—like cycle time and throughput—to answer 'When will it be done?' for customers who need predictability.
Double-Loop Learning: Question the 'Why', Not Just the 'How'
Double-loop learning means questioning the 'why' behind your work, not just fixing the 'how'. Instead of only correcting errors, you challenge the underlying goals. This is crucial in retrospectives when a team realizes their entire approach was flawed.
The 4Ls Retrospective: Loved, Loathed, Longed For, Learned
The 4Ls retrospective is a structured way to capture a team's feelings after a project. It asks what they Loved, Loathed, Longed for, and Learned to create an action plan. A common pitfall is only focusing on negatives, missing key insights from the other Ls.
Radical Candor: Care Personally, Challenge Directly
Radical Candor is a feedback framework that combines caring personally with challenging directly. It's used to give clear, kind guidance—both praise and criticism—that helps people grow.
SMART Goals: From Vague Hopes to Actionable Plans
SMART criteria turn vague hopes into concrete plans by forcing goals to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. It's used in project planning and performance reviews.
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