How do you dynamically populate Open Graph and Twitter Card meta tags?

This tests server-side or static generation of social meta tags from article data. A strong answer lists the four required og properties, maps them to equivalent Twitter Card name tags, and includes structured image metadata such as width, height, and alt. It also notes that og:url must be canonical and that optional og:description improves share previews. A red flag is injecting tags with client-side JavaScript, since many crawlers may not execute JS.