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Schema evolution without rewriting history

Source: interviewadvanced

WHAT IT TESTS: schema evolution strategy. OUTLINE: use a table format with metadata-level evolution, add a new column rather than mutating the old, and reconcile types at read time; avoid rewriting petabytes.

WHAT IT TESTS: whether you can evolve schema safely at scale without costly rewrites or downstream breakage. ANSWER OUTLINE: use a table format like Iceberg or Delta that tracks schema by stable column IDs and supports metadata-only changes; rather than mutating a column's type destructively, add a new nullable column for the new type and keep the old, or apply a safe widening; reconcile old and new at read time via views or casts, and migrate consumers gradually.

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Schema evolution without rewriting history · Tezvyn