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How would you design an auto-generated sitemap.xml for a large blog?
This tests scalable SEO automation. A strong answer proposes an async pipeline, sitemap index files past 50,000 URLs, and loc, lastmod, and priority. Red flag: manual edits, static files in git, or ignoring the 50,000 URL limit.
Outline a strategy to improve LCP and CLS for blog article pages
Fix LCP with server speed, resource hints, critical CSS; fix CLS with explicit sizes and font-display.
Design a system to A/B test headlines for a single article URL
Hash users for sticky variants; store separately; emit events; compute CTR.
How would you architect a related articles feature?
Start with tag overlap for speed; move to embeddings with ANN for semantics; compare latency, cost, and coverage.
Architect a secure draft preview system for a headless CMS
It tests safe headless CMS draft previews on production frontends. A strong design uses authenticated preview APIs, SSR middleware with JWT sessions, CMS preview tokens, and cache-busting. Relying on obfuscated URLs or disabling preview auth is a red flag.
Design a programmatic SEO landing-page system
Structured data plus templates, genuinely unique per-page data, static build-time generation, quality gates and indexation control.
Technical differences: transactional email vs marketing newsletters
Transactional uses SMTP or API for fast alerts; marketing sends millions via segmented lists needing IP warm-up, spam checks, and unsubscribes.
How would you programmatically populate an HTML email template?
Pick a template engine, bind the user object as context, render HTML, and send via a mailer.
How does email open and click tracking work?
This tests beacon and redirect mechanics plus event schema design. A strong answer covers a 1x1 pixel fetched on open, a redirect link that logs then forwards, and data like IP, timestamp, and UA. A red flag is omitting image blocking or privacy implications.
How would you design an idempotent order confirmation email sender?
Tests preventing duplicate side effects in distributed systems. Strong answers use deduplication keys, idempotency windows, and distinguish client retries from broker redelivery. Red flag: using a read-before-write check without unique constraints or TTLs.
Architect email subject line A/B testing for a large user base
Tests distributed systems and statistical rigor. Covers deterministic user bucketing, isolated variant delivery, deduplicated tracking, and pre-powered significance. Red flag: daily re-randomization or using open rate without confidence intervals.
Explain SPF, DKIM, and DMARC roles and implementation tasks
SPF authorizes IPs, DKIM signs content, DMARC aligns both to the From domain and enforces policy plus reporting.
Build a system to send 1M personalized emails in 2 hours
This tests async distributed throughput and deliverability. Cover partitioned queues, auto-scaling workers, per-ESP rate limits, IP rotation, and exponential backoff with dead-letter queues. Red flags: synchronous sends, skipping IP warmup, or no retry logic.
Design a personalized newsletter recommendation pipeline
Tests batch versus stream tradeoffs and send-time personalization constraints for millions of recipients. A strong answer covers event capture, 24-hour aggregation, lightweight rec generation, and template injection before send.
Design a database schema for an ad A/B test
Tests separating high-volume events from slow-changing experiment metadata. Strong answer: distinct tables for variants, impressions, and clicks; clicks link to impressions; a user-assignment table avoids duplicating variant data per event.
Programmatically create an ad via a marketing API
Authenticate, create a campaign with an objective, an ad set with budget and targeting, a creative with the copy, then the ad linking them.
Design a simple templating system for ad copy generation
Tests separation of concerns and API design. A good answer: data model separate from template, placeholder syntax, graceful missing-value handling, and HTML escaping. Red flag: naive string concatenation without validation or extensibility.
Outline the architecture of a Dynamic Creative Optimization system
Tests distributed system design for combinatorial ad optimization. A strong answer maps a creative asset service, combination engine, real-time ad server with A/B testing, performance feedback pipeline, and campaign config UI.
How do you attribute a delayed direct conversion to original ad copy?
Persist copy IDs in first-party cookies at landing, read at conversion to fire server-side events in a 90-day window.
Automatically moderate user-generated ad copy
A layered pipeline of fast keyword/regex filters plus an ML text classifier, with human review for borderline cases.