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Template syntax vs JSX: framework design trade-offs?
Templates (Vue, Angular) are declarative, easier to learn, enable static analysis; JSX (React, Solid) is code-based, flexible, familiar to JavaScript developers.
Server-side data fetching in Nuxt 3?
Use useFetch or useAsyncData to fetch on server, data is serialized and injected into page state, component accesses it as reactive data.
AOT vs JIT compilation: what does ahead-of-time win?
AOT compiles templates at build time (catches errors early, smaller bundle, faster startup), JIT compiles in browser (slower startup, larger bundle, flexible).
Hydration: SSR HTML to interactive app?
Server renders HTML, client JavaScript bootstraps and attaches event listeners (hydration), mismatch occurs if server HTML differs from client render.
Testing shared Vue components: unit, a11y, visuals?
Unit tests (Vitest/Jest) for logic, accessibility tests (axe, Pa11y) for ARIA/keyboard, visual regression (Percy, Chromatic) for rendering.
Zone.js and change detection optimization in Angular?
Zone.js wraps async (timers, events, HTTP), triggering change detection after each; use runOutsideAngular when external libraries fire high-frequency events.
When to adopt Pinia or NgRx over simple services?
Services work for small apps; use Pinia/NgRx when state is shared across many components, mutations are complex, or debugging/undo matters.
Compiler vs runtime reactivity: Svelte, Vue, Angular?
Svelte compiles away reactivity (smaller bundles, zero-cost), Vue/Angular use runtime Proxies/zone.js (flexible but heavier).
Compile-time vs runtime prop validation across frameworks?
TypeScript (compile-time) catches errors before build; Vue props validation (runtime) catches at runtime; tradeoff: TS is stricter, Vue validation is flexible but less safe.
Content projection: slots vs props for composition?
Slots let parent pass markup (not data) to child, child renders it as-is, vs props pass values; slots excel when parent needs full layout control.
Prerendering vs SSR in SvelteKit: trade-offs?
Prerender generates static HTML at build, SSR renders on each request, prerender wins on speed but requires static data.
How to sync eye-tracking data with DOM events?
Record gaze points with millisecond precision, map to DOM via bounding box lookup, correlate with click events via shared timestamp.
Making D3.js visualizations accessible to screen readers?
Dual-render strategy (viz + semantic table), ARIA live regions for dynamic updates, keyboard event handlers, focus management.
How to diagnose and fix ignored sidebar navigation?
Form testable hypotheses (contrast, layout, blocking), propose specific CSS/DOM changes, sketch A/B test plan.
Multi-stage Docker builds for lean production images?
Build stage compiles/installs, runtime stage copies artifacts only, discards build tools.
Graceful shutdown implementation and zero-downtime deployments?
Listen for SIGTERM, stop accepting new connections, drain in-flight requests, close resources, exit.
PM2 cluster mode and multi-core utilization?
Cluster mode forks multiple worker processes using Node.js cluster module, distributes load, uses all CPU cores.
dependencies vs devDependencies in production?
Dependencies are needed at runtime, devDependencies only for development. npm install includes both, npm ci --only=production excludes dev.
What are key Dockerfile steps for Node.js Express apps?
Use lightweight base image, copy app, install deps, expose port, set NODE_ENV, run.
How does NODE_ENV=production change Express behavior?
NODE_ENV is a convention signal, production disables verbose logging and enables caching.