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Relationship Between Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, and Increment
This tests your understanding of Scrum artifacts as commitments to goals, not just to-do lists. Define the Product Backlog (Product Goal), Sprint Backlog (Sprint Goal), and Increment (Definition of Done), then trace an item's flow.
What is the purpose of Sprint Review vs. Sprint Retrospective?
This tests your grasp of Scrum's distinct feedback loops. The Review inspects the product Increment with stakeholders to adapt the Product Backlog. The Retrospective inspects the team's process with the Scrum Team only.
Describe the purpose of the Daily Scrum
Tests if you know the Daily Scrum is a planning event for Developers, not a status report. A good answer states it's a 15-min meeting to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog.
What are the three Scrum accountabilities and their focus?
Tests recall of Scrum's core team structure and how the roles create a self-managing unit. A good answer names the Product Owner (value), Developers (Increment), and Scrum Master (process) and defines their focus.
How would you implement an Andon Cord for a software team?
Tests your grasp of CI/CD, quality, and team culture. A great answer defines a trigger (broken main build), a technical block (stop merges), and a cultural response (team swarms). A red flag is scheduling the fix or blaming an individual.
How would you identify and elevate a team's primary constraint?
This tests your systems thinking beyond local optimization. A great answer follows the 5 Focusing Steps: Identify, Exploit, Subordinate, Elevate, Repeat. A red flag is jumping to 'hire more people' before exploiting the existing constraint and subordinating…
Relate Lean's 'Build Quality In' to TDD and CI
This tests your ability to connect historical Lean principles to modern software development. Explain Jidoka as "stop the line," then frame TDD and CI as its software equivalents that prevent defects from propagating.
Agile Change vs. Chaos: Technical Enablers
Tests if you know Agile is disciplined, not chaotic. A great answer contrasts structured, time-boxed change with reactive chaos, then details technical enablers like CI/CD and loose coupling. A red flag is equating Agile with no planning.
Explain Muda (Waste) with three software development examples
Tests your ability to apply Lean's 'Muda' (waste) concept to software. A good answer defines Muda, then gives 3 examples like partially done work or extra features, with specific mitigations like WIP limits or YAGNI. A red flag is giving generic examples.
How do you decide the right level of project documentation?
This tests your pragmatism beyond literal Agile interpretation. A great answer defines docs as a product for a specific user, ties value to reducing future work, and proposes a tiered approach. A red flag is treating all documentation as pure overhead.
Explain the Agile principle of Simplicity and how you apply it.
This tests your ability to connect Agile theory to engineering practice. A good answer defines simplicity as maximizing work not done, applies YAGNI with a concrete example (e.g., phased feature rollout), and links it to business value.
Goal of a Retrospective and Continuous Improvement
Tests if you see process improvement as a core engineering duty. A great answer defines the retro's goal (inspect & adapt the process), its output (actionable items for the next Sprint), and its role as the engine of continuous improvement.
Individuals & Interactions Over Processes & Tools: Explain This Value
Tests your grasp of Agile's core philosophy: empowering people over rigid systems. A great answer defines the principle, links it to cross-functional team structures, and champions direct communication over ticket-passing.
Why is `LiveData<Boolean>` bad for one-time ViewModel events?
This tests your grasp of state vs. events. A LiveData<Boolean> is state; it re-triggers on rotation. Instead, expose events via a StateFlow and have the UI call an eventConsumed() function on the ViewModel to maintain unidirectional data flow.
How to pass data between Fragments with Jetpack Navigation?
This tests your knowledge of type-safe argument passing in Jetpack Navigation. A good answer defines the argument in XML, uses the Safe Args plugin to generate code, passes data via the Directions class, and retrieves it with the Args class.
Explain ViewModel, Repository, and Data Source in MVVM
This tests your grasp of separation of concerns in Android. A good answer defines ViewModel, Repository, and Data Source roles, then traces the unidirectional data flow. A red flag is having the ViewModel directly access a data source like Retrofit.
What problem does Jetpack ViewModel solve during configuration changes?
This tests your understanding of state loss during configuration changes. A good answer explains that Activities are destroyed on rotation, and ViewModel survives this event, preserving UI state.
How do you diagnose and fix excessive recomposition in Jetpack Compose?
This tests your understanding of Compose's stability system for performance. Use the Layout Inspector and Compiler Metrics to find unstable composables, then fix them with immutable data types and stable lambdas.
remember vs. rememberSaveable: When and Why to Use Each
Tests understanding of Compose state survival. remember is for recomposition scope. rememberSaveable survives activity recreation and process death via a Bundle, requiring custom Savers for complex types. Red flag: saying remember survives rotation.
Implement an efficient list in Jetpack Compose
Tests your grasp of UI virtualization in Compose. Answer: Use LazyColumn as it only composes visible items. Contrast this with Column, which composes all items at once, causing poor performance. Mention the items DSL.