How would you detect, mitigate, and penalize a noisy neighbor?

This tests multi-tenant platform design balancing fairness, performance, and business value. A strong answer covers four layers: detection via tenant telemetry and anomaly detection on resource usage; mitigation through graduated throttling, quotas, and autoscaling with cost caps; isolation via sharding or dedicated tiers for premium customers; and governance through automated penalties that charge for overages or throttle after warnings. Red flag: proposing hard limits or eviction without graduated response or regard for partner revenue.