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Docker & Kubernetes

Containers, Helm, orchestration, service mesh

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Test yourself: Top 30 advanced Docker & Kubernetes interview questions →Multiple choice, with the correct answer and why it is correct on every question. Free, no sign-in.

Advanced everything in Docker & Kubernetes

intermediate1 min read

CNCF argues agents should propose system state, not receive production root

A CNCF Ambassador argues that agents should express changes as versioned system state and pass them through review, build and deployment controls instead of receiving unrestricted production root.

easy1 min read

CNCF announces its 2026–2028 Ambassador cohort

CNCF accepted 58 new ambassadors for its 2026–2028 cohort, while 48 previous ambassadors stepped away.

easy1 min read

ArgoCon previews the direction of Argo CD 4.0

CNCF previews ArgoCon North America 2026 and says the Argo community is beginning the visioning process for Argo CD 4.0. The event covers four distinct projects—Argo CD, Workflows, Rollouts, and Events—so learners can map each project to a delivery problem before treating the vision as a release.

intermediate1 min read

Kubernetes 1.37 adds a native unused-PVC condition

Kubernetes 1.37 promotes PVC unused tracking to Beta, adding an Unused condition managed by the PVC protection controller.

intermediate1 min read

Docker publishes Sandbox Kit Specification v3

Docker published an open-source Kit Specification v3 for packaging an agent’s runtime, tools, permissions, and network policy with its environment.

intermediate1 min read

Docker introduces Cloud Sandboxes for long-running agents

Docker announced Cloud Sandboxes on 24 September: the same microVM isolation model as local Sandboxes, running on Docker-managed compute.

advanced1 min read

Multi-tenant isolation with a monitoring exception

Apply default-deny ingress per tenant namespace, allow same-namespace traffic, then add an ingress rule permitting the monitoring namespace via namespaceSelector on the metrics port.

advanced1 min read

Binding a ClusterRole with a RoleBinding

A RoleBinding referencing a ClusterRole grants those rules only within the binding's namespace; reuse built-in roles like view per-team without duplicating definitions.

advanced1 min read

Topology spread constraints versus pod anti-affinity

Spread constraints balance pod counts per domain bounded by maxSkew, anti-affinity is all-or-nothing co-location avoidance, and maxSkew caps the difference between fullest and emptiest…

advanced1 min read

tolerationSeconds and graceful eviction on NoExecute

TolerationSeconds is how long a tolerating pod may stay after the taint applies; once it elapses eviction starts, then terminationGracePeriodSeconds governs the SIGTERM-to-SIGKILL window.

advanced1 min read

Pinning exclusive CPU cores to a pod

Set kubelet CPU Manager policy to static, make the pod Guaranteed QoS with integer CPU limits equal to requests, so it gets exclusive dedicated cores.

advanced1 min read

How do you resize a live PersistentVolume?

Edit the PVC's requested size upward; the StorageClass must set allowVolumeExpansion true and the CSI driver must support expansion, ideally online so no Pod restart is needed; shrinking is not allowed.

advanced1 min read

How does a StatefulSet recover a Pod after node failure?

Node goes NotReady, Pod is marked for deletion, the same-ordinal Pod is recreated and reattaches its existing PVC from volumeClaimTemplates, preserving data; safety needs the old Pod confirmed…

advanced1 min read

Why is a Pod with a PVC stuck Pending?

PVC may be unbound from missing StorageClass, no matching PV, mismatched access mode or size, zone or capacity limits, or WaitForFirstConsumer; diagnose with describe on Pod and PVC plus events.

advanced1 min read

How do Sealed Secrets enable GitOps for secrets?

Kubeseal encrypts a Secret with the controller's public key into a SealedSecret CR safe for Git; only the in-cluster controller's private key can decrypt it into a real Secret.

advanced1 min read

What do immutable ConfigMaps and Secrets solve?

Setting immutable true blocks data edits, preventing accidental updates and letting the kubelet skip watches, reducing API server load.

advanced1 min read

How do you inject secrets from an external store at runtime?

Use a sidecar injector or CSI driver that authenticates via the Pod's ServiceAccount token, fetches secrets at runtime, and mounts them on tmpfs.

advanced1 min read

Distroless images: benefits and trade-offs

Distroless ships only the app and runtime deps, no shell or package manager; smaller and a smaller attack surface than Alpine; trade-off is harder debugging with no shell.

advanced1 min read

Pass build-time secrets securely with BuildKit

Use BuildKit RUN --mount=type=secret (or type=ssh) so the secret is mounted only during that step and never written to a layer; pass it with --secret at build time.

advanced1 min read

Run a container as a non-root user

Create a dedicated group and user, chown app files to them, then USER to drop privileges before the process runs.

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