Easy concepts in Agile & Scrum, page 2
DRY: Don't Repeat Yourself
DRY means every piece of knowledge has one single, authoritative representation in your system. This applies to business logic, config, or docs; a change in one place updates everywhere.
The Test Pyramid: Fast Feedback, Stable Code
The Test Pyramid is a strategy for balancing automated tests: write many fast unit tests, fewer integration tests, and very few slow end-to-end tests. It guides CI/CD pipelines to catch failures quickly. The footgun is over-relying on slow E2E tests.
Empathy Mapping: Seeing Through Your User's Eyes
An empathy map is a tool for a team to build a shared picture of a user's mind, not just their actions. It's used in UX design to align on user needs before building. The footgun is treating it as a one-time checklist instead of.
Value Proposition Canvas: Map Customer Needs to Product Features
The Value Proposition Canvas maps customer needs to product features to ensure you're building something people want. It connects customer "jobs," "pains," and "gains" to your product's features.
Lean Canvas: A Startup's Reality Check on a Page
A Lean Canvas is a one-page business plan that forces you to define and test your riskiest assumptions first. Startups use it to validate their core idea before building. The biggest mistake is treating it as a one-time exercise instead of a living document.
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Kanban: A Strategy for Optimizing Flow
Kanban isn't just a board with columns; it's a strategy for optimizing the flow of value through your process. It helps teams visualize work, manage bottlenecks, and deliver value predictably.
Kanban Board: Visualize Your Workflow
A Kanban board is a visual system for managing work as it moves through a process, making bottlenecks obvious. It's used in software development to track features from 'To Do' to 'Done'.
Pull System: Make Only What's Needed, When It's Needed
A pull system works like a restaurant kitchen: you only start work when the next step in the process places an order. This approach, core to lean manufacturing and Kanban, prevents overproduction. The footgun is pulling new work before finishing old tasks.
Lead Time: From Customer Request to Live Code
Lead Time measures the total duration from when a feature is requested to when it's live for users—it's the customer's total waiting time. Teams use it to understand responsiveness and set predictable timelines. The footgun is confusing it with Cycle Time.
SAFe: Scaling Agile Beyond a Single Team
SAFe is a blueprint for applying Agile principles across large organizations, not just single teams. It coordinates many teams into 'Agile Release Trains' that plan and deliver together in fixed cycles, ensuring alignment on complex products.
Large-Scale Scrum (LeSS): Scaling Scrum by Descaling the Org
LeSS scales Scrum by simplifying the organization, not adding processes. It applies one-team Scrum principles to multiple teams working on one product. Use it when 2-8 teams need to collaborate on a single product backlog.
The Spotify Model: Scaling Agile with Autonomy
The Spotify Model organizes teams for autonomy and alignment, using mini-startups (Squads) and skill-based communities (Chapters). It helps scale agile in large orgs, but copying the structure without the culture of trust creates a rigid hierarchy in disguise.
Delegation Poker: Making Delegation a Team Sport
Delegation isn't a binary choice. Delegation Poker is a game where teams discuss and agree on their level of authority for key decisions, moving from 'manager decides' to 'team decides'. It's used to clarify roles and empower teams.
Gemba Walk: Go See Where the Work Happens
A Gemba Walk means leaving your desk to see where value is actually created. It's about observing real work, not reading reports. Managers use it to understand real bottlenecks. The footgun is observing to judge, not to understand and learn.
Moving Motivators: Uncover What Drives Your Team
Moving Motivators is a card game that reveals a person's core drivers by ranking ten motivations. Use it with a new hire or a team facing change to see how their motivation will be impacted. The footgun is judging motivators, not understanding them.
The Satir Change Model
The Satir Change Model maps a team's emotional journey through disruption. When a new process is introduced, performance doesn't just improve; it first dips into resistance and chaos.
The ADKAR Model for Change Management
The ADKAR Model is a Prosci methodology for managing organizational change. It's applied during large-scale projects like ERP implementations, digital transformations, and mergers across industries like healthcare and finance.
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